Barbera was born into an artistic family in Valencia, Spain, where his father, also named Jose Barbera, was a working artist. The young Barbera began painting at an early age, studying in Valencia at the Art & Craft School, the Fine Arts High School, and the National School.

After completing his formal studies in 1973, Barbera began painting professionally. He has since exhibited in many galleries and received numerous awards. His work is displayed in the Town Hall in Paterna, Valencia, and is owned by numerous private collectors throughout the world. A number of publications have featured his work, including an artists' reference book published in Madrid in 1994.

Jose Barbera's preferred subjects are landscapes, flowers, and houses, in a representational style. He is married and has two children.